Art 109: Renaissance to Modern Westchester Community College Prof. M. Hall © Spring 2010 The 18th Century: Rococo Art and the Enlightenment Ceres Van der Meulen, Louis XIV Receiving Swiss Ambassadors, 1663 Image source: http://www.kipar.org/period-galleries/galleries_1660p.html Social life at the court of Louis XIV was highly regimented and formal 1104.jpg 1104.jpg 1103.jpg 1103.jpg “Watteau's masterpiece is an allegory of courtship and falling in love. The first couple is sitting absorbed in flirtatious conversation. They are next to a second pair who are just standing up, while a third pair are heading for the ship. The young woman is looking back in nostalgia at the place where she has spent so many happy hours. In the distance, a number of figures are climbing aboard a superb ship with cherubs hovering overhead.” Louvre The Three Estates threeestates While the aristocracy lived in luxury, the burden of taxation fell heavily on the “Third Estate” -- the bourgeoisie (middle classes), workers, and peasants The Three Estates Image source: http://www.historywiz.com/oldregime.htm The French Revolution This eventually led to the French Revolution in 1789 Storming of the Bastille prison, the opening event of the French Revolution, on July 14, 1789 Image source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/240105/94998/Storming-of-the-Bastille-prison-the-opening-event-of-the The Enlightenment The French Revolution was a product of the philosophical movement known as the Enlightenment Nicolas de Largillière Portrait of Voltaire, 1718 Museé national du Château et des Trianons Wikimedia The Enlightenment Voltaire_2,_Houdon Enlightenment philosophers were the descendents of Renaissance Humanism Antoine Houdon, Bust of Voltaire, 1781 National Gallery of Art Castagno_Bocaccio The Enlightenment Voltaire_2,_Houdon Antoine Houdon, Bust of Voltaire, 1781 National Gallery of Art “They believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better world. Their principal targets were religion (embodied in France in the Catholic Church) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy” http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/enlightenment.html The Enlightenment Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Art et des Métiers, 1751-1765 Image source: http://www.library.usyd.edu.au/libraries/rare/modernity/diderot.html . One of the great works of the Enlightenment was the Encyclopédie “The aim of an Encyclopédia is to bring together the knowledge scattered over the surface of the earth, to present its overall structure to our contemporaries and to hand it on to those who will come after us, so that our children, by becoming more knowledgeable, will become more virtuous and happier; and so that we shall not die without earning the gratitude of the human race.” (Diderot, 1755, p. 635; trans. S. Clennell) 1106.jpg Art for the Public Whereas art in the past had been in the service of “church and king,” Enlightenment philosophers believed that art should be for “the people” f_we_the_people Art for the Public In keeping with these ideals, the royal palace of the Louvre was converted into a public art museum after the Revolution The Louvre was the urban palace of the French monarchy, built by Louis XIV Image source: http://hughes.ca/family/France2007.html Art for the Public Enlightenment philosophers believed that art should teach moral virtue DiderotVanLoo Louis Michel van Loo, Portrait of Denis Diderot, 1767 Louvre Web Gallery of Art Art for the Public They denounced Rococo art as “frivolous” and “lascivious” Francois Boucher, Toilette of Venus, 1751 Metropolitan Museum of Art “I am no Capuchin, but I’ll admit that I should gladly sacrifice the pleasure of seeing attractive nudities if I could hasten the moment when sculpture and painting, having returned to decency and morality, will compete in promoting virtue and purity of morals. I think I have seen enough teats and bottoms.” Denis Diderot The Cult of the Natural Reaction against the frivolity and and artificiality of aristocratic culture led to an increasing demand for art that celebrated simple virtues 1104.jpg Jean-Honoré Fragonard The Swing, 1766 Wallace Collection, London The Cult of the Natural Influenced by the ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau, this painting by Chardin depicts a peasant family saying grace before a meal Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Saying Grace, 1740 Louvre 1107.jpg “Here we see the striking difference between Chardin and painters like Boucher. Chardin stresses deserving and hidden virtues, the contented life of duty, and clean and well-fitting humble dresses - not the coquetry of marquises, garden luncheons, and moonlit promenade . . . The moralization of the subject, exaltation of a simple family life, and palpable intimacy explain the philosopher Diderot's great enthusiasm for Chardin's genre scenes.” Louvre The Cult of the Natural Reaction against the frivolity and and artificiality of aristocratic culture led to an increasing demand for art that celebrated simple virtues 1104.jpg Jean-Honoré Fragonard The Swing, 1766 Wallace Collection, London The Cult of the Natural Influenced by the ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau, this painting by Chardin depicts a peasant family saying grace before a meal Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Saying Grace, 1740 Louvre 1107.jpg “Here we see the striking difference between Chardin and painters like Boucher. Chardin stresses deserving and hidden virtues, the contented life of duty, and clean and well-fitting humble dresses - not the coquetry of marquises, garden luncheons, and moonlit promenade . . . The moralization of the subject, exaltation of a simple family life, and palpable intimacy explain the philosopher Diderot's great enthusiasm for Chardin's genre scenes.” Louvre The Cult of the Natural In contrast to the corrupt values of the French aristocracy, the picture embodies Enlightenment ideals of simplicity, nobility, and virtue Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Saying Grace, 1740 Louvre 1107.jpg Moralizing Genre in England The influence of Enlightenment ideas can be seen in the work of William Hogarth, a British painter of the 18th century William Hogarth, The Painter and his Pug, 1745 Tate Gallery “Hogarth first began this self-portrait in the mid-1730s. X-rays have revealed that, at this stage, it showed the artist in a formal coat and wig. Later, however, he changed these to the more informal cap and clothes seen here. The oval canvas containing Hogarth’s self-portrait appears propped up on volumes of Shakespeare, Swift and Milton, authors who inspired Hogarth’s own commitment to drama, satire and epic poetry . . . Hogarth’s pug dog, Trump, whose features resemble his, serves as an emblem of the artist’s own pugnacious character.” Tate Gallery Moralizing Genre in England Hogarth specialized in moralizing scenes of everyday life William Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode Scene 1: The Marriage Contract, 1745 National Gallery, London Web Gallery of Art Moralizing Genre in England His Marriage a la Mode series is a satire on the aristocratic tradition of the “arranged marriage” William Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode Scene 1: The Marriage Contract, 1745 National Gallery, London Web Gallery of Art “The story starts in the mansion of the Earl Squander who is arranging to marry his son to the daughter of a wealthy but mean city merchant. It ends with the murder of the son and the suicide of the daughter.” National Gallery, London marriag1 “In the first scene the aged Earl (far right) is shown with his family tree and the crutches he needs because of his gout. The new house which he is having built is visible through the window. ” National Gallery, London marriag1 “The merchant, who is plainly dressed, holds the marriage contract, while his daughter behind him listens to a young lawyer, Silvertongue. The Earl's son, the Viscount, admires his face in a mirror. Two dogs, chained together in the bottom left corner, perhaps symbolise the marriage. ” National Gallery, London marriag1 “Hogarth's details, especially the paintings on the walls, comment on the action. A grand portrait in the French manner on the rear wall confronts a Medusa head, denoting horror, on the side wall.” National Gallery, London Marriage a la Mode The next scene portrays the couple’s inevitable demise 1109.jpg William Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode Scene 2: The Breakfast Scene, 1745 National Gallery, London Hogarth “The tired wife, who appears to have given a card party the previous evening, is at breakfast in the couple's expensive house which is now in disorder. ” National Gallery, London Hogarth “The Viscount returns exhausted from a night spent away from home, probably at a brothel: the dog sniffs a lady's cap in his pocket. Their steward, carrying bills and a receipt, leaves the room to the left, his hand raised in despair at the disorder.” National Gallery, London Hogarth “The decoration of the room again comments on the action. The picture over the mantlepiece shows Cupid among ruins. In front of it is a bust with a broken nose, symbolising impotence.” National Gallery, London Marriage a la Mode Like the Enlightenment thinkers of the time, Hogarth proposes that marriage should be founded on the “natural” bonds of love, rather than a business transaction 1109.jpg William Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode Scene 2: The Breakfast Scene, 1745 National Gallery, London Moralizing Genre in England Hogarth Marriage 1 Hogarth did not make his living from the original paintings Instead, he sold engraved prints that could be mass produced and distributed more widely Moralizing Genre in England Hogarth’s “moralising genre scenes” parallel the rise of the literary novel in England Samuel Richardson, Pamela: or, Virtue Rewarded, 1741 Image source: http://www.librarycompany.org/BFWriter/publisher.htm Moralizing Genre in England Novels were new because they depicted everyday life (like genre painting), and they were written in prose -- every day language -- rather than poetry Samuel Richardson, Pamela: or, Virtue Rewarded, 1741 Image source: http://www.librarycompany.org/BFWriter/publisher.htm Moralizing Genre in England They were published in serial form in the popular press Samuel Richardson, Pamela: or, Virtue Rewarded, 1741 Wikipedia The Cult of the Natural Enlightenment ideas were influential in the American colonies as well This portrait of Paul Revere communicates a down to earth simplicity that contrasts with the current fashion for aristocratic finery John Singleton Copley, Portrait of Paul Revere, c. 1768-1770 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 1112.jpg The Cult of the Natural Enlightenment thought also inspired a new way of thinking about the concept of “nobility” By tradition nobility was inherited from birth Vernon_Family_Genealogy The Cult of the Natural Enlightenment philosophers argued that nobility came from character rather than birth Quentin La Tour, Jean Jacques Rousseau, 1753 Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva Web Gallery of Art The Cult of the Natural Artists of the 18th century explored a new kind of hero The modern hero embodied virtues of courage, resolution, patriotism, and self sacrifice These noble virtues come by “nature” rather than birth Gilbert_stuart_washingt Gilbert Stuart, Portrait of George Washington, 1795 Metropolitan Museum of Art The Cult of the Natural Benjamin West was an American artist who spent most of his professional career in London This painting was a daring exploration of a new kind of subject – the modern hero who exemplifies noble virtue 1111.jpg Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1771 National Gallery of Canada The Cult of the Natural General Wolfe was a British Military hero who died in battle outside the city of Quebec West portrayed him in the “Grand Manner” style once reserved for kings and figures from history, mythology, or the bible 1111.jpg Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1771 National Gallery of Canada 1111.jpg “To depict the death of Wolfe at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, West grouped the figures around the fallen general as in a Lamentation of Christ.” National Gallery of Canada depositi The Cult of the Natural In West’s painting, a “modern hero” takes the position once reserved for god and king Anthony Van Dyck, Deposition, 1634 1111.jpg West studied contemporary uniforms to ensure accuracy 1111.jpg He included a semi-nude American Indian to identify location, and to recall the classical tradition of heroic nudes 1111.jpg While the dark clouds of the battle drift to the right, the sky begins to clear on the left 1111.jpg The figure in green points to a messenger in the distance who brings the news that the battle has been won The Cult of the Natural Like Hogarth, West did not make his money off the sale of the painting Instead, he made his money off the sale of prints William Woollett, after a painting by Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, London: Woollett, Boydell & Ryland, 1776 American Library of Congress The Cult of the Natural Artists were now working for a new public, and their job was to teach moral virtue to citizens of a new social order f_we_the_people

hi this is Professor Melissa Hall and his increasing pollution on Rococo Art and the Enlightenment . the death of Louis fourteen the French aristocracy fled to sign a flocked to Paris to enjoy the pleasures of Town night . recent salon the center of social life . but prominent of the credit women salons Port intimate social gatherings . BC informal down gatherings were a welcome break from the formal ceremony of Louis the fourteenth court . socialite at the court of Louis the fourteenth was highly regimented and formal . the eighteen century salon was intimate and relaxed The focus was on witty conversation and cultivated sociability . new style emerged that was more suited to the lifestyle of the French aristocracy . called to grow cocoa . the French word Prop meaning shell the broken Course style is characterized by pastel colors and delicate ornamental patterns patterns in the shape of scrolling finds flowers and shells . stylistically it ornate feminine and light hearted . . in the imposing grandeur of Louis the fourteenth time . I'll affected everything from fashion to architecture furniture and porcelain . it gave birth to French . and made Paris the fashion capital of the world . French Rococo painting reflected the privileged lifestyle of the eighteenth century aristocracy . National Gallery of Art describing Francois Boucher eight . Portrait of man and Vision day . the pale colors rich fabrics and rustic . the strong pound . glue the Castile . it captured the grace of a great way of life in which contemporary noted . we really have nothing else to do but he pleasant sensations and feelings . art based on the pastimes of celebrity get to come like Paris France . similarly have nothing to do except you persecute pleasure and entertainment . that's pretty much like you've got with the Rococo be in this painting by Fragonard on a cool example of pro cocoa Art o well dressed lady flirts with her lover while another lover Edition pushes her swing . . you are off to get her lover a peek pursed their . . on the plate rope with chili erotic subject matter makes this work typical of Rococo painting . while the Louis the fourteenth Academy emphasizes the first use of DC new protocol painters increased The sensual appeal of Reuben and coloring together . when I sensual I'm talking about the the five senses but that the Fed every quality of that fully eight we can feel it and our fingers soft and feathery . even known for frequent on the gift of all of our senses art in art in the . so the rich in marine colors and also the first work is carried the party Fianna read the caption on the loose brush work of the cocoa painting was intended to provide pleasure rather than moral or intellectual . . in this painting by Francois Boucher a beat mistress Madame comfort or it for trade as penis luxuriating in rich silks and pearls . okok painters like the Paparazzi of their day . lifestyles of the rich and famous and decay . held on one toe was one of them eating Rococo painters This picture was submitted as an acceptance piece to the French Royal Academy . any of the existing categories they had to create a new genre called the Golan . on the IRD of in the the genre . we're basically history painting which was biblical subject or subjects from classical mythology and then there were Genre scenes scenes of everyday life . this nine to one of those six nine The mythological the nori said a painting . it's been and ladies and gentlemen of the aristocracy but they are sad and kind of mythological landscape let go of the Picture scandal colonnade to consider . it depicts ladies and gentlemen of the aristocracy on the mythical island of Santa around which was the birthplace of being the goddess of love . and your sick Description from the wound . masterpiece is an allegory of courtship and falling in love . the first couple is sitting absorbed in flirtatious conversation . they are next to a second pair who are just standing up while a third pair are heading for the ship . the young woman is looking back in us down to the place which she spent so many happy hours in the distance a number of figures are climbing poured superb ship with cherubs hovering overhead . the London is like a Parthenon only ladies and gentlemen of the aristocracy play the parts because fantasy world of pleasure leisure and love . the pleasure has as much to do with the dial at against the subject matter The shimmering colors and feathery brushstroke are like eye . we went to Daniel a pleasure . so this was the rejection of the official style of Louis the fourteenth and be carried in the year and intellectual work of artists like the coolest Tucson . the money the stock recently and luxury . Asian in France fell heavily on what was called thirty eight which was the push was the middle classes . the workers and intestines . and this eventually led to the French Revolution in seventeen eighty nine which began with the storming of the present . the French the illusion was The Proto philosophical movement known as the Enlightenment . Michelangelo Supersport in many ways the descendents of Renaissance humanism . everything and to on site of the Wisconsin State University website Dr Brian . or its last name . on Enlightenment philosophers they believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance superstition and tyranny and to build a better world . their principal targets were religion embodied in France in the Catholic Church and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy . what a great works of the Enlightenment was great to look at the piece was meant to be the Encyclopedia of all Learning Danny didn't grow one of the Encyclopedia one of the philosophic they were called right at the human the Encyclopedia is to bring that the knowledge scattered over the surface of the earth to present its overall structure to our contemporaries and to hand it on to those who will come after us so that our children by becoming more knowledgeable will become more virtuous and happier . anyways the Enlightenment ushered in a new religion . it was the religion of knowledge . police and science and logic and he would replace the Protestant Christian religion dominated Europe since the Middle East it . this painting by Joseph Wright of Darby reflects the new spirit of the Enlightenment It put recent demonstration of how the earth revolves around the sun a doctrine had been censored by the church just a century before . you may recognize some of Carravaggio techniques and Painting The Grosso might be to leave the action placed in the foreground and the cure our spot like it . whether it's that bellemeade suggestion of religion is gone . now that drama is about the drama of science human knowledge and learning . thinking they shot lead Anti also portrays a famous man of science Antoine Lorenz westThe a noted physicist can be surrounded by the scientific instruments of his profession and I played the game here because it's wonderful he king hit in the Metropolitan Museum . it's a portrait that also reflects the new Religion Science that was . the men in force in the eighteenth century PBSThe . philosophers called for a new kind of Art Niemi remembered that the will of Trent decided that art was very valuable to the to the themes of the Reformation Church . she teach people about religion and bring them closer to God when like me philosophers also poopy that art was an important instrument of the new Religion Science . one of the Enlightenment us so Danny Diderot that you see pictured here . an important art critic in the eighteenth century . in this portrait by Louise Michel van the piece shown with adult wig signifying his free thinking character . . I have been in the service of church and I think that Catholic Baroque was promoting the eighteenth of the Catholic Reformation Church and the art of the artist who worked for the absolute monarch in Europe . here a job was to promote not promote the power and authority of the absolute monarch . Enlightenment philosophers believed that art should be for the people . . with the site deals the Royal palace of the loop was converted into a public art museum after the Revolution . he might philosophers believed that art should be . for the people . and THAT is to teach moral person . hell broke located in the not very virtuous . on the and so in light meant to Philosopher skin and stroke cocoa art as frivolous and lascivious and this is actually a an excerpt from T and Art review written by Danny the hero . he writes . I am no country team accomplishing with it . monk break one of the alumni of a conservative monk but I'll admit that I should gladly sacrifice the pleasure of seeing attractive new DT . I could hasten the moment when sculpture and painting having returned to decency and morality will compete in promoting virtue and purity of morals . I think I have seen enough teats and bottoms . and I pretty much sums up the attitude of these of the Enlightenment thinkers towards the the French Rococo art which focused on erotic themes themes of love and pleasure and lots of policing the DT . what kind of art . both Reaction against the frivolity and artificiality of aristocratic culture led to increasing demand for art that celebrated simple person . for example with this painting by John bought two new Ishtar down it'll be great . influenced by the ideas of John shoppers one of the Enlightenment philosophers painting depicts a peasant family saying grace before a meal . here's a summary from the Luke Museum . here we see the striking difference between Chardin and painters like Boucher . stresses deserving and taking first . the contented life of duty and clean and well fitting humble dresses . Cold tree . garden luncheons and moonlit from a not . the moralization of the subject . in simple family life and palpable intimacy explain the philosopher teacher of great enthusiasm for start John the details . . I've had enough teats and bottoms enough lasciviousness of the ideal enough to cripple its kind of stuff he like Stardust picture . on moral values . simple good honest living . so in contrast to the crowd values of the French aristocracy the picture in the nice Enlightenment ideals of simplicity nobility and thirty . the Enlightenment ideas can be seen in the work of William Hogarth a British painter of the eighteenth century . Gallery . discussion of this self portrait of the artist with his hot dog . Hogarth first began this self-portrait in the seventeen thirty . it showed the artist in a formal coat and wig . later However he changed these to the more informal cap and clothes seen here . I emphasize that in many of these on the Portrait influenced by the Enlightenment era the rejection of the ferry preferred styles of the aristocracy like their powdered week and all of their finery be . the Oval . Hogarth's self-portrait appears propped up on volumes of Shakespeare Swift and Milton authors who inspired Hogarth's own commitment to drama satire and epic poetry . and dog Trump whose features actually resemble . emblem of the artist owned company has character . specialized in moralizing scenes of everyday life . and this is a sample His Marriage Island series . or the new decrepit condition of the range marriage . this sequence of five pictures that that on the story in a very comical satirical way . the story starts in in the mansion of Earl Squander . I love the names right . Earl Squander who was a member of the aristocracy and he is arranging to marry his son over here . to the daughter of a wealthy merchant here's the merchant here . it's going to eventually and with the murder of the sun and suicide doctrine . it's in a range Mary so according to Enlightenment ideas . God Enlightenment philosophers questioned traditional customs like the range matter . the first scene the eight and early Here we see him . the Dome of this family tree and the crutches he needs because of his gout . the new house which he is having built is visible through the window . we know that he remembered the aristocracy swearing one of the scatter wig . Enclosed points to the family tree that means he can trace his family name back to some of my Charlemagne and galloped with it does he is associated with the aristocracy because you've got dealt deeply too much me in rich food . . Bueno did not as well dressed the Earl one he sort of awkward looking . he does not belong to the aristocracy he represents the new class that is on the rise the merchant classes he said ship owner . he got lots of money to this arranged marriage of the business transaction between the fathers the the girl who has on wood has been noble lineage he broke his what of money into building this Villa any need more money . the on the merchant on the other hand has lots of money but no title to marry going to be each man something that the other doesn't count . the Earl Son meanwhile the Viscount . clearly not interested in all keystrokes in the latest fashions and he is admiring his own face in the near . you may notice the little black dot on his face that is a Hogarth . signature Hogarth . it means that my Yes list . and THAT covering it up with a new team . two dogs chained together in the bottom left corner perhaps symbolise the marriage . the wild daughter . clearly it's not happy about this and the Warrior boards Silvertongue seems to be whispering sweet nothings in her year so we can see that this Mary is destined to fail . . details on to our the picture comment on the action for example abroad grand portrait here in the French Manner on the real war world . on the reader War long years the Portrait confronts a Medusa and offers here . next scene portrays the couple's in the temple does not deny it to hero for broadband to the home of Kabul . in the morning . yes she is yawning but the real on her face what exactly is she happy about bullhorn on a sec he has just come in from a Night corralled at twenty six Austen here you see the black beauty more hiding his support the work and the dog man's best friend is pulling something Lisa c at of his pocket . he spent out rousing all night . meanwhile into the room is in disarray . and we get a sense of why she so happy will look to share here with the final in October apparently she had a music lesson last night probably from somebody like Downey . and I it was maybe a a very pleasurable music lesson so that we explained like she's smiling so clearly in the meantime the talent and try to . the couple about their mounting bills but they are clearly came to attention . . the decoration of the room comments on the action as well . the picture over the mantlepiece shows Cupid among ruins an and fun and it is a Bust with a broken nose symbolising in content . like lightning thinkers at the time Hogarth proposes that marriage should not be Founded on the proposes that marriage should be Founded on the natural bonds of love rather than traditional custom of the range marriage . didn't make his living from the regional painting Instead he sold engraved prints that could be mass produced and distributed more widely . back Moralizing Genre scenes parallel the prize of the literary novel in England . most were new because they could get every game I like Genre Painting and a book written in prose every day language rapid than poetry . and finally published in Serial form in the popular press that's what you echapters novel . they were religion Republic is full of pay would be the sandstone published in the popular press and Hogarth series of pictures are like those characters in novels . been . the ideas were also influential in the American colonies . Portrait of Paul with the are communicates a down to earth simplicity that contrasts with the current fashion for which I finally great this is what this is what Portrait looks like Europe . you know the service to credit men with their public that we can send lots of PR teaching fancy clothes hand . John Singleton Copley Portrait of Paul Revere . the area American word characters that you know that God meets me for who I am not how much money I have . I thought also inspired the new way of thinking about the concept of nobility itself . in the European tradition nobility was inherited from her . we referred to having blue blood . it means that your family can trace its lineage back to some great noble working in the middle teaching . but Enlightenment philosophers argued that nobility comes from power . rather than her now that something we believe that Americans . this is an Enlightenment idea that was a radical new idea . the eighteenth century explored a new kind of hero . hero than embodied virtues . courage resolution patriotism and self sacrifice These noble virtues come by nature rather than heard . probably the best example of this is the familiar Portrait of our own first President George Washington . by Gilbert Stuart . if you think about going away two leaders were portrayed in the seventeenth and eighteenth century . the portraits that we are familiar with the George Washington . the drink away almost eternal . finally the emphasis is on the character and the first to the man himself nobility is something that comes from . 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American intervention and last but an American artist who spent most of his professional career in London This painting gear and exploration of a new kind of subject the modern hero who exemplifies noble virtue of the painting titled the death of General Wolfe eight seventeen fifty one . or put a British Military hero who died in a battle outside the city of Quebec West portrayed him in the grand Manner style that was once reserved for . figures from history mythology or the bible . in fact Royal Academy will suggested that Modern St . are happening today are simply not noble enough to be considered worthy of art and less talent that in his picture . the modern event . but he's portrayed like some Plant mythological event from history . we call it the grand Manner style because even know all of the . uniforms . police Study for Modern uniforms . underneath those clothes are thinking that are based on classical statues . so the figures aren't the idealized her out with the gears into relative close to doing heroic thing . he then included in TN here to Course located on the scene and North America but it also is a pro back to the ideal Dürer UT goes on the way back to artists like Michelangelo who first started looking . are the focal point of the composition is General Wolfe himself who was dying on the battlefield twenty c from the National Gallery of Canada to depict the death of Wolfe at the Battle of the plaintiff Abraham in seventeen fifty nine West grouped the figures around the fallen general . Alam and Titian of Christ in other words he looked back to traditional purely Image . on such as images of Christ . a modern secular hero is taking the position that was once reserved for Jesus Christ bore me The Greek . contemporary uniforms to ensure accuracy . semi nude American Indian identify the location . some wonderful drama in the background . you'll notice that as the General Wolfe is expiring on the battlefield . are pointing back Anderson messenger running with a message telling him right before he died . this is quite dramatic that the battle is won . we know that it's a good thing the dark clouds over here . but now of the dark clouds drifting in the sky is beginning to be her last . I was Hogarth West did not make his money off the sale of the shooting to build painting Instead he made his money off the sale of Trent . so the audience was a much wider on the audience artists were now working for a new public and their job was to teach moral virtue to citizens of a new social order . the end of my pieces . .