Art 109: Renaissance to Modern Westchester Community College Prof. M. Hall © Spring 2010 Counter Reformation Art in Rome 1003.jpg Bernini selfpor1 The leading artist in Counter Reformation Rome was Gianlorenzo Bernini Bernini was a master painter, sculptor, and architect He was also a devout Catholic who followed St. Ignatius Loyolas’ Spiritual Exercises Gianlorenzo Bernini, Self Portrait as a Young Man, c. 1623 Oil on canvas, Galleria Borghese, Rome Web Gallery of Art Bernini Bernini put the finishing touches on Saint Peter’s in his design of the piazza, enclosed by a colonnade 1003.jpg Aerial view of St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, with the piazza designed by Bernini 1003.jpg Bernini likened the colonnade to the “arms of the Mother Church” reaching out to embrace its flock vatican-city-satellite-image-ikonos-high-resolution 1003.jpg Bernini likened the colonnade to the “arms of the Mother Church” reaching out to embrace its flock vatican-city-satellite-image-ikonos-high-resolution Bernini Inside, Bernini designed the great Baldacchino to theatrically frame the ritual of the mass 1004.jpg Gianlorenzo Bernini, baldacchino, Saint Peter’s basilica, Vatican City, Rome, 1624-1663 Gilded bronze, 100’ high Bernini As tall as an 8 story building, the symbolism proclaims the triumph of the church, and the Pope (Urban VIII) who commissioned it Gianlorenzo Bernini, baldacchino, Saint Peter’s basilica, Vatican City, Rome, 1624-1663 Gilded bronze, 100’ high Image source: http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/vyZgQ-NYBgqgQnpPRfukyQ Bernini Bernini_DAvid Bernini also broke new ground in sculpture This statue was commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese It expresses the new exuberant style of Baroque art Bernini, David, 1623 Borghese Gallery, Rome Bernini_DAvid Bernini, David, 1623 Borghese Gallery, Rome Mich_David Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504 Michelangelo Mich_David The calm before the storm “Michelangelo's David seems to be gathering all his powers for the combat” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Bernini Bernini_DAvid Action explodes outwards Captures a moment in time Invites viewer participation Bernini, David, 1623 “Bernini's David is at the point of discharging it. The veins in his arm protrude through his skin with the muscular effort. He pivots on the ball of his foot almost like a discus thrower, his left heel raised to apply more spinning force.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art bernini_david “there's never a time when Bernini isn't conscious of the spectator, moving around the piece and seeing it work in different ways from different perspectives” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art bernini_david2 “The face of Michelangelo's hero is impassively beautiful, but Bernini's works: brows furrowed, jaws clenched, lips pursed. “ Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art davidclose2 “And those features are so precisely registered because, of course, they are Bernini's own, seen in a mirror held for him, according to Baldinucci, by Barberini himself.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Cornaro Chapel Bernini’s other great work was the Cornaro Chapel It was commissioned by the Cornaro family, who are depicted on the side walls therese4 Bernini, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645-1652 1001.jpg davidclose2 “And those features are so precisely registered because, of course, they are Bernini's own, seen in a mirror held for him, according to Baldinucci, by Barberini himself.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art “The face of Michelangelo's hero is impassively beautiful, but Bernini's works: brows furrowed, jaws clenched, lips pursed. “ Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art bernini_david2 bernini_david “there's never a time when Bernini isn't conscious of the spectator, moving around the piece and seeing it work in different ways from different perspectives” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Bernini Bernini_DAvid Action explodes outwards Captures a moment in time Invites viewer participation Bernini, David, 1623 “Bernini's David is at the point of discharging it. The veins in his arm protrude through his skin with the muscular effort. He pivots on the ball of his foot almost like a discus thrower, his left heel raised to apply more spinning force.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art bernini_david “there's never a time when Bernini isn't conscious of the spectator, moving around the piece and seeing it work in different ways from different perspectives” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art bernini_david2 “The face of Michelangelo's hero is impassively beautiful, but Bernini's works: brows furrowed, jaws clenched, lips pursed. “ Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art davidclose2 “And those features are so precisely registered because, of course, they are Bernini's own, seen in a mirror held for him, according to Baldinucci, by Barberini himself.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Cornaro Chapel Bernini’s other great work was the Cornaro Chapel It was commissioned by the Cornaro family, who are depicted on the side walls therese4 Bernini, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645-1652 1001.jpg Cornaro Chapel The work combines sculpture, painting, and architecture to create a dramatic theatrical experience Bernini, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645-1652 1001.jpg Saint Teresa Saint Teresa of Avila was a Spanish nun who experienced mystical visions Her visions were recorded in a book widely promoted by the Catholic Church Teresa_libro Peter Paul Rubens, Saint Teresa of Avila, 1615 Kunsthistorices Museum St. Teresa Bernini depicts a vision that she described in great detail: “The pain was so great that I screamed aloud; but at the same time I felt such infinite sweetness that I wished the pain to last forever . . . It was the sweetest caressing of the soul by God.” 1006.jpg 1006.jpg 1006.jpg therese3 “Bernini's sculpture is, after all, a spectacle that hovers on the borderline between sacred mystery and indecency . . . . Ecstasy in Bernini's time was understood, and experienced, as sensuously indivisible. Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art therese3 “Bernini's sculpture is, after all, a spectacle that hovers on the borderline between sacred mystery and indecency . . . . Ecstasy in Bernini's time was understood, and experienced, as sensuously indivisible. Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art 1006.jpg therese3 “Bernini's sculpture is, after all, a spectacle that hovers on the borderline between sacred mystery and indecency . . . . Ecstasy in Bernini's time was understood, and experienced, as sensuously indivisible. Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Making Religion Personal/Appealing therese1 Bernini’s St. Teresa was consistent with the ideals of the Counter Reformation Church Like Ignatius Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises, his work transformed religious experience into something personal, exciting, and appealing Making Religion Personal/Appealing therese1 “Bernini has used the power of art to achieve the most difficult thing in the world: the visualisation of bliss.” Simon Shama http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/sep/16/art Baroque Rome Francesco_Borromini The architect Francesco Borromini pioneered a new style of architecture that equally expressed the energy and exuberance the Counter Reformation Church Image source: http://www.sancarlino-borromini.it/album/Arte_e_architettura/Dipinti/page_01.htm 1007.jpg Baroque Rome Borromini treated architecture like sculpture Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1665-1676 Baroque Rome san_carlo2 The undulating forms create an effect of theatricality, drama, and movement Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1665-1676 1008.jpg Borromini,dome, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1665-1676 Baroque Rome Fountain Rome became a glorious city of churches and fountains proclaiming the triumph of the Catholic faith In this fountain a cross surmounts an Egyptian obelisk and the 4 rivers of the world Bernini, Fountain of the 4 Rivers. Piazza Navone 1648-51 bernini_4rivers3 Baroque Ceiling Decoration Pozzo New churches were built, and needed decorations Baroque painters drew upon the discoveries of the Renaissance to make miraculous visions seem palpably real Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of Saint Ignatius Sant’Ignazio, Rome 1691-1694 Baroque Ceiling Decoration Pozzo This ceiling depicts the ascension of Saint Ignatius Loyola into heaven The architecture opens up to the sky as hundreds of figures ascend into the heavens Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of Saint Ignatius Sant’Ignazio, Rome 1691-1694 Picture 1.png Baroque Ceiling Decoration Watch the National Gallery of Art video podcast http://luxmedia.vo.llnwd.net/o10/clients/nationalgallery/illusion/04_ignatio.m4v Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0w1e5tntDg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0w1e5tntDg Pozzo apotheox Saint Ignatius ascends into heaven accompanied by angels contin_1 His missionary achievements are recorded in figures representing the continents of Asia and Africa contin_2 Here an allegorical figure of the Americas, dressed in Indian costume, battles against evil Private Patronage scipione Private patronage also flourished in Rome, as Popes and Cardinals surrounded themselves with lavish works of art Bernini, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, 1632 Private Patronage Cardinal Mafeo Borghese (later Pope Urban VIII) commissioned this work, based on the pagan myth of Apollo and Daphne Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25 Private Patronage To escape Apollo’s unwanted advances, Daphne is transformed into a tree Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25 Private Patronage apollo_e Apparently the ban on “lascivious” themes applied only to religious art in churches! Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25 Private Patronage proserp Another “lusty” pagan work for the Cardinal Bernini, The Rape of Proserpina, 1621-22 proserpx Carravaggio Michelangelo Merisi (known as Caravaggio) revolutionized painting in Baroque Italy Denounced by one contemporary as the “anti-Christ of painting,” Caravaggio pioneered a new style of realism that pushed the boundaries of the church’s rules of decorum Chalk portrait of Caravaggio by Ottavio Leoni, c. 1621 Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bild-Ottavio_Leoni,_Caravaggio.jpg Cerasi_Chapel Lighting One of the most distinctive characteristics of Caravaggio’s style is his use of dramatic lighting 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art “[Paul] lies on the ground stunned, his eyes closed as if dazzled by the brightness of God's light that streams down the white part of the skewbald horse, but that the light is heavenly is clear only to the believer, for Saul has no halo..” Web Gallery of Art Lighting Tenebrism: dramatic contrasts between light and dark The light does not appear to come from a natural source It is the mystical light of God 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art Composition The composition is also dramatic Paul is placed at an oblique angle to the picture plane, so that we are “up close” and personal to the action 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art 1010.jpg Realism Most distinctive of the painting is its realism The picture looks like an accident in a stable, rather than a religious miracle 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art Realism 28ceras1 Caravaggio often used real people as models for his religious paintings Caravaggio, detail, the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, Web Gallery of Art Realism Most distinctive of the painting is its realism The picture looks like an accident in a stable, rather than a religious miracle 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art Realism 28ceras1 Caravaggio often used real people as models for his religious paintings Caravaggio, detail, the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, Web Gallery of Art Realism He was accused of painting “saints with dirty feet” Caravaggio, The Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1600 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo Web Gallery of Art Realism Carracci_quovadis Caravaggio was rebelling against the idealized style of religious painting then current in Rome Annibale Carracci, Domine Quo Vadis, 1602 Realism He wanted to make religion real by portraying Christ and the saints as real people 1010.jpg Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Web Gallery of Art 1011.jpg Realism This work was painted for another chapel in Rome, and depicts another dramatic moment of “conversion” Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1597-1601 Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome Web Gallery of Art 1011.jpg “The tax-gatherer Levi (Saint Matthew's name before he became the apostle) was seated at a table with his four assistants, counting the day's proceeds, the group lighted from a source at the upper right of the painting. Christ, His eyes veiled, with His halo the only hint of divinity, enters with Saint Peter. Web Gallery of Art 1011a.jpg “Christ, His eyes veiled, with His halo the only hint of divinity, enters with Saint Peter. A gesture of His right hand, all the more powerful and compelling because of its languor, summons Levi.” Web Gallery of Art 1011b.jpg “Levi draws back and gestures toward himself with his left hand as if to say, "Who, me?", his right hand remaining on the coin he had been counting before Christ's entrance.” Web Gallery of Art The Caravaggisti Caravaggio’s dramatic style inspired a group of followers -- called The Caravaggisti One of them was a female painter named Artemisia Gentileschi Artemisia Gentilleschi, Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, 1638-39 Royal Collection, Windsor The Caravaggisti Caravaggio’s dramatic style inspired a group of followers -- called The Caravaggisti One of them was a female painter named Artemisia Gentileschi Artemisia Gentilleschi, Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, 1638-39 Royal Collection, Windsor Artemisia Gentilleschi Gentilleschi imitated Caravaggio’s style Tenebrism dynamic compositions Real life models But she brought a perspective that was all her own Artemisia Gentilleschi, Judith and Holofernes, 1614-1620 gent_holofernes Judith and Holofernes Judith and Holofernes LXIXr Judith was an Old Testament heroine who saved her people by cutting off the head of the Assyrian General Holofernes “Judith was left alone in the tent, with Holofernes stretched out on the bed, for he was overcome with wine (Judith 13,2)... She went up to the post at the end of the bed, above Holofernes' head, and took down his sword that hung there. She came close to the bed and took hold of the hair of his head, and said: "Give me strength this day, O Lord God of Israel!". And she struck his neck twice with all her might, and severed his head from his body (Judith 13,6-8)... After a moment she went out and gave Holofernes' head to her maid (Judith 13, 9)”. http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/x-Schede/CSNs/CSNs_V_Penn_01.html Judith and Holofernes 17judit Caravaggio depicted the scene with great realism -- though Judith appears too delicate to carry out the dirty deed Caravaggio, Judith and Holofernes, 1598 Web Gallery of Art 17judit 17judit2 17judit1 gent_holofernes gent_holofernes Catholic Art in Europe Southern Flanders remained under Catholic control in the 17th century The leading artist was Peter Paul Rubens

. the similar poll in am I ready to move on to improve Reformation Art in Rome . we'll artist in Counter Reformation Rome was Gianlorenzo during the he was announced are painter sculptor and architect He was also a devout Catholic who followed the ancients Layla spiritual exercise . the finishing touches on sixteen Peter's in his design of the pee out to be confronting which Enclosed by a colonnade . anyway we might remember that Blair them looking the other Aerial view here . on Monday original design for Saint Peter's had been based on the Roman County on your textbook Notes over the next couple and I'd decades . the Pope's brought in several architects to Lincoln NE because they could not like the fact that the non metered church increase content was modeled on the pagan temple . I'm so very was brought in to complete the colonnade around the piazza Stakes and he described the UN peace arms that we chatted theme like the arms of the Mother Church reaching out to increase its plot with it only fitting I need in each of the goals of the encounter Reformation Church in its desire to reach back and win the hearts and minds of the masses to bring them back into the full picture . . inside bringing the also designed the great Pitino which theatrically frame the frame the altar in the ritual of the mask it was at this point in time to announce be kind to go on . and while the Kino is tall as an eight story building . proclaims the triumph of the church and the Pope the nation . the also broke new ground in sculpture This statue was commissioned by Cardinal to be on a Borghese It expresses the new super and style of Baroque art . the familiar one . it is the biblical hero David who we are familiar with both from Donatello statue and Michelangelo statue . Michelangelo of course . actually it is used to be something like I caught the calm before the storm except that it's a very and moment rate the moment before an Simon Schama petite Michelangelo's David seems to be gathering all his powers for the combat . Donatello of course had represented the calm moment after the Bellini has chosen to to get to the moment when someone King and prom a Action explodes outwards Captures a moment in time and also Invites viewer Protesting patient . this is again Simon Schama from the Guardian has a wonderful article on on during the week bringing a that is the point of discharging the Dome fifteen to his arm protrude through his skin with the muscular effort effort . he pivots on the ball of his foot almost like a decent thrower his left heel raised to apply more spinning force . time when Bernini conscious of the spectator moving around the piece and seeing it work in different leagues from different perspectives . . the base of Michelangelo's hero is impassively beautiful but Bernice works brows furrowed jaws clenched lips pursed . endoscopy to see so precisely registered because of course they are burning own seen in any are held for him according to Baldinucci by varying himself . lead back to this . I the beginning earlier when I was in the first precinct when I was talking about seeing me Leo who thought that he could make religion more appealing to people if they could empathize with me The Pietersen says in a more feasible way to rather than just seemed Christ carrying the cross . if the field the weight back something that Bernini meaning Barry dramatic the Super and style . it's accomplishing the way in which the action . involved in the sculpture in fact if we o war hit walking around the sculpture in one point we almost feel the need . we are being drawn into the action . it's something we experience believed periods your body on and it becomes a part of the drama that we participate in this with the goal . . Catholic Art in the Counter Reformation . brink other great work the Cornaro Chapel It was commissioned by the Cornaro family who are deeply and on the side walls of the chapel during any Cardinal really nice portraits of members of the family and that if they are in theater box is watching from the event taking place almost almost like it's a theatrical speech . the work combines sculpture painting and architecture to create a dramatic and theatrical experience . group almost appears to float . and so you see the combination of architecture and sculpture . they will use their of the school can brains coming down and light coming from an unknown source . the group is being blank . before that the electricity than the actual source of light in the window . the intention to create a kind of mystical divine emanation yet remember that halos that she struggled with whether So most I was here an actual Oreo golden light suggesting a kind of divine precedents . the work is saying to reset on the light was a Spanish nun who experienced mystical visions to be quite at the in a book that was widely promoted by the Catholic Church . kind of thing that could get people interested in reaching to read about these people like the wind II who had peace be that a kind experience . painted one patient she described in great detail about any usual hair and pierced her heart with the wicked gold contained several times . the poll was so great . she screamed aloud but it does seem time she felt such infinite sweetness that she wished the pain to last for ever . the sweetest caressing soul by God . in just an explicit work first of all I can remind you that the truth made out of the Dome . it almost looks like it's milk . soft Fluttering drapery help in the plundering drapery is on the on the theme fill and then to Lisa who was and nine . we see her body has gone to be linked with the can't we treat it single reflect and then head The drapery that surrounds her . her head thrown back . lips parted her cry for clues . I mean look at her face . we really can feel your body . he be fifty fifty is feeling on . Simon Schama Iraq right early sculpture is after all a spectacle that hopefully some important line between green mystery and you decency . Ecstasy in pretty nice time was understood and experienced as centrally and can be simple . when you look at the expression on her face you have seen an advertisement or in movies like making Meg Ryan fake orgasm scene in When Harry now sadly . and so what's going on here in the Smarthistory confers to explain the Theresa is describing her intensely spiritual experience in very physical even sexual terms . why . well we know that an important goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer . Theresa is describing this in physical sexual terms so that we can understand . I might even say been in the Meg Ryan movie on when Meg Ryan speaking orgasm one of the next table is happening in a restaurant a Woman in the next table . all have which he scattered . Leo most think about this is an advertisement for the church and what is the message here . it really can feel this good pre powerful advertising message . drinking to re do the wood bridges on indecency . we will Counter Reformation Church Like Ignatius Loyola Spiritual Exercises the work transformed religious experience into something personal exciting and appealing . Corey Simon Schama has century has the power of art to achieve the most difficult thing in the world . the solicitation of bliss . oh well meaning pioneered a new style of architecture that equally expressed the energy to clean the Counter Reformation Church . alot of churches being built in Rome during the period of the Counter Reformation and Borromini was one of the leading architect . and architecture like sculpture . building San Carlo on Sunday . though I know from the knee in Rome . we can remember . brittle s team for a month painting loved Classical Architecture and we can see the classical columns . a straight line in this building . how that fits onto green Chile the piece convex and concave forms . and why it's full of excitement in prominent super in pencil in front of the period . sure to be create an effect theatricality drama and movement . and here you are looking up into the Dome The scene building the number Hell Renaissance architects love circle and square because they were simple perfect team that performed here the forms are very complex and dramatic . so became a glorious city of churches and fountains proclaiming the triumph of the Catholic faith In this Fountain a cross surmounts in Kitchen opulent which of course the Egyptian novel it is a on the pagan religious symbol and the church and Christianity triumphing over a pan around it are the four rivers the world literally proclaiming the Catholic Church has dominating the globe which of course but not through the time it was the church's aspirations . this was by during the CCP dramatic peak years of representing the rivers of the world . were built and needed decorations and Baroque painters true comic discoveries of the Renaissance to make miraculous visions of complete meal . this is the Prop Andre of pop so This ceiling that he painted for a picture to Sant'Ignazio Rome a barrel vaulted ceiling you can get the inspiration really comes from Michelangelo painted the ceiling Sistine Chapel and you can architectural framing device . they clearly I did get the pup is using all of the scientific discoveries of the Renaissance . not to bring the divine down to earth and make it miserable logical and real thing . head to create on to create the inclusion of a miracle actually taking place here . yet at the end of the ascension of thinking nation Leo intent and the architecture opens up to the sky as hundreds of figures ascend into the heavens on . here we go . got a little bit of a podcast feed that can make this work . . . . . . . when the bomb . it looks . . . be . I am not sure what happened here . ok . no been ball . it's going . ok sorry about that . gears of energy talent so here is Saint Ignatius riding on a cloud of into heaven having the Greens are coming down from the heavens look at how the hell Pozzo is using perspective to extend the architecture building . essentially banning several stories to the physical part of it left here . and the stories in creating this wonderful one . Course theory that Course proclaiming the global power chair is the age when missionaries are going too far away lands to convert people to the continent of Africa . the air . . also flourished in Rome . Cardinals surrounded themselves with lavish works of art this is one of the things that no Luther was critical of the lavish conditions on of of the papacy in Rome and begin found at all . so the Cardinals and land Pope one and he's surrounded themselves with one serious works of art but simple argument failed were dating who later became Pope he commissioned this work from Domine based on the pagan myth of Apollo and Daphne and truly notice that there is the end of the of classical mythology Eroticism on in this work just decorum really apply to the representation of secret individuals in church settings on on so in this particular scene on to escape Apollo's unwanted and Daphne is transformed into a tree . Apparently the ban on lascivious themes applied only to re religious art in churches . you of this on the Another lusty pagan work for the Cardinal of the brink of Proserpina and the Holy semi show you the green you in detail . this is just amazing what we mean during the meeting was a master master sculptor and this is what we need by a work of art being sensual not just the beer isn't running quality to that theme . but when we see that hand sinking into the soft wax . we feel that in ArtFigura we don't see it in our . so it's Appealing two hours and . Michelangelo Merisi was known to have Duchy of revolutionized painting in Baroque Italy Denounced by one Contemporary as the anti Christ of painting . pioneered a new style of realism that pushed the boundaries of the church will decorum . he learned a little bit about Carravaggio partner in a while for new was a devout Catholic and mixed with the higher thirty in Rome . Carravaggio was the quintessential bad boy he was often in trouble with the police attack most of love no announcement comes from police records even murdered on and after a tennis match . the condo with . the underclass of Rome the the the Pirates and prostitutes on and so we've been him he is the quintessential bad boy which is why pretend like it's impact . the organ a look at was painted for the Iraqi Chapel in Rome to hear familiar with private chapel . and this is the painting here . well look briefly at the Crucifixion of Saint Peter on the opposite wall . the moment when Paul was converted to Christianity in here said an explanation the story according to the eye of the apostles . oh you mean Homework honestly denounced he was a Roman Pharisee who . Christian played on the lake and asking me The into the ground . we suddenly heard the voice of Christ saying to him Saul Saul why do you persecute me . any temporary lost his sight . you see here is this if he was writing this court cannot promise Course and used it to bring to mind for a moment to moment of my to read that kind of . Conversion where he literally being defeated by God . I think if what you're how Carravaggio chosen to represent the several things we wanna look at Carravaggio work one of the most characteristic is his use of dramatic lightning is based on dramatic contrasts between the deep dark black background and then the kind lighting effect . it's actually do and this is called welcome here Money Rica own life in the ground stunned his eyes closed is dazzled by the politeness of light that streams down the white part four part that the light of biblical law but that the light is heavenly is clear only to the believer for Saul has no no hero . with the light is coming from . mysterious . it's not the time . nine times it's more like the artificial light you see in a theatrical performance but the lighting effect to the kitchen in the set pieces caught my eye on as the entering into the sea . the the dramatic contrasts between dark and light of that is unique to Carravaggio style is called ten in prison for ten and so light in the light does not appear to come from a natural source is the mystical light of God . the other thing that Carravaggio against bit different to the competition . everything is happening in the picture . it's crowded on the foreground plane and all is flying down to the angle where God close and personal to the action is thrown into the picture . involved in a piece of light over not to feel like we are in the air experiencing and . most distinctive that the painting is its realism . I think an angel rather than a religious group in your own content three quarters the picture . betray quarter to the picture is taken up by the portion look appeal man here is wrinkled forehead gets tough school care . he got purity toenails . something like Carravaggio was known for he often used real people the model for the cure in his paintings were beautiful people . think about this Renaissance art . Ngoc insisted on idealism that Beyond although artists that featured the use of perfect ideal statues to Greece and Rome to improve upon their figures . Carravaggio was using could carry real people from the creek as his model keen to get that emphasis on with the idealism . . the result of using these real people as models . he was accused of painting scene with dirty feet in diapering and it's not Crucifixion of Saint Peter because you literally have a guy year . if you look the bottom of the PPP are actually purity . did this because he thought he could make peace with the Stories warm meal . people can connect to the people you were realistic . Carravaggio was the ailing against the idealized style of religious painting that was then current in Rome remember that Carracci Hoover the reformist Carravaggio . thinking is not going to get real people excited about reaching its goal exploring it doesn't seem to have anything to do with our world . he wanted to make religion real . I was treated Christ and seem real people . painted for another chapel in Rome and depicts another dramatic moment of Conversion . her and let the weight recede nephew seen before even came the Apostle is seated at a table with his four assistants . the money . and from the money we see Christ coming and and it's from angry of light follows Pollock and look at the screen . be kind of have earned him look at these diets with your fiancee dressed and went and he looked Related . equivalent today he might be capricious some bad some back alley with a bunch of drug dealers all dressed up with Gary know what you're bleeding . seventy Near D's near Gates earning its not the sort of place that we expect to see Jesus Christ the Messiah and the team . Carravaggio Kenya and brilliant . then barely see . and THAT real life . hopefully bringing light into an otherwise dark . and then of course theories that can't which is based on . he ended David from the creation and not be that they can't of Adam Michelangelo's creation of Adam and flip it . that is the hand and there's Symbolism pure Jesus was supposed to be . . an Aries let the who draws back and gestures toward consultancy piece and was made for me . Another extraordinary work is The Entombment which recalls the emotional intensity shot of Lamentation . Clement Christ was brought down from the cross and warned . the next moment please actually being lowered into the tomb . it's interesting to bring back shot I remember in the beginning of semester how realistic it came to look and now with Carravaggio with all the discovery that me and he can bring in its realism amount to an almost photographic kind of reality . Mary is portrayed with great realism my kids don't and as appropriate in each creature in the idealism of Michelangelo's use in P town . another let's go back Another extraordinary thing about this piece . adheres to your weekend during P Alms but look at the way believed of the sarcophagus is actually chatting College of the picture . on wood again held Carravaggio in heaven . from the action taking place close to the foreground plane so that police be linked into our speak to went to Phoenix we are in the air we are experiencing the piece band and painful moment in this kind of way . we can see it till I king parrots the Smarthistory conversation talks about how the finger that slipped into the wound on Christ . still that's what we mean by Central by a human torso and making a field goal a kilo point out that Carravaggio was very successful he got a lot of church commissions . sometimes he did not break rules Decorum in this painting . Gary the cure to art scene with care . cry . based on the swing of ideal proportions of Michelangelo . but there were other works where he went too far . it was actually a painting that he did of the Ghent the purging . where he shows the purge and has just a blow to pour on the table . Anti actually not used eight . it wasn't a prostitute had been phased out of the type of river as the model that painting Ngoc and got him into trouble . on that from the Smarthistory so . field work and the all to meet the challenge were pushed the boundaries of church decorum He nevertheless the film all the Counter Reformation The Counter Reformation Church by creating religious images . so when Tension can heal people infected direct and personal kind of way . so what or artist . the bike is dramatic style inspired a group of followers called comic east The one of them was a female painter named Artie means he can collect in the film Portrait of the East . Carravaggio style we can see it in this painting in the use of his ten and ten in Bristol eighteen become than a competition The and the use of real life models . perspective to all her own . the two stories from the Old Testament of thousand to relate remained . and she was a story that she returned to several times over Judith was an Old Carolyn . they took people by cutting off the head of the Assyrian General Barry . the geo depicted the scene with great deal of three realism but her fate Judith appears to be two BT carry out your he did take a look at this detail . look at that this is one of Carravaggio the stock characters that the meet her and looking at old Enrico we face we are deeply find her clearly on the streets of Rome . the young and dainty girl who looks almost as if she came back as he chopped off Goliath head and feel the blood spurting all over the place . that is such a wonderful character typical Carravaggio . are there . detail of duty . help until the very sian . I've depicted heroine who could definitely kick butt . here we come in and we see . we see Carravaggio scanning coastal a look at how all the action taking place so close to foreground that looking at the picture we have to worry that we would get dirty with some of that blood and its strong diagonal the Protestant the picture . we also seek content to let the use of one meal LIFE type model kits be cured . her Figure gentle as the figure of Judith . what like the real one and rather than of Classical dinosaur portraits were gone . local realistic effect multiple blood dripping down the dead flattering her Vadis . here's the conclusion built before the king can stroll for that kind of special effects that movie makers use today to help me get people out to the detail how to go to the movies when people want lovely want drama Action sex Violence special effects and viewer participation . we one a movie that when the action happens we Art canteen . we are so caught up in the drama that we feel like we aren't they . and that's the end of its preaching teaching thanks for listening . .