Clarke University Psychology Department PSYC 221 Abnormal Psychology Spring 2013 Assessment Three Learning Objectives Chapter 13 Personality Disorders 16. Define personality disorder. Personality Disorders An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. Key Areas To Examine Cognitions (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events) Key Areas to Examine Affectivity (i.e., the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional responses) Key Areas to Examine Interpersonal Functioning Key Areas To Examine Impulse Control Personality Disorders The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations. 17. Describe the three clusters of personality disorders. Personality Disorder Clusters Cluster A: People that are perceived as odd or eccentric. Cluster B: People whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, and erratic. Cluster C: People who often appear anxious or fearful The PD challenge Individuals with a PD tend to be ego syntonic or see their or uncomfortable when characteristics are atypical or problematic to functioning. Ego dystonic individuals frequently seek treatment. pe03513_ Cluster A: People that are perceived as odd or eccentric. Paranoid Personality Disorder Spouse fidelity suspected Unforgiving (bears grudges) Suspicious of others Perceives attacks (and reacts quickly) “Enemy or friend” (suspects associates and friends) Confiding in others feared Threats perceived in benign events Schizoid Personality Disorder Detached (or flattened) affect Indifferent to criticism and praise Sexual experiences of little interest Tasks (activities) done solitarily Absence of close friends Neither desires nor enjoys close relations Takes pleasure in few activities Schizotypal Personality Disorder A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Schizotypal Personality Disorder Magical thinking or odd beliefs Experiences unusual perceptions Paranoid ideation Eccentric behavior or appearance Constricted (or inappropriate) affect Unusual (odd) thinking and speech Schizotypal Personality Disorder Lacks close friends Ideas of reference Anxiety in social situations 19. Explain the features of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. Antisocial Personality Disorder Conformity to law lacking Obligations ignored Reckless disregard for safety of self and others Remorse lacking Underhanded (deceitful, lies, cons others) Planning insufficient (impulsive) Temper (irritable & aggressive) Borderline Personality Disorder Abandonment Mood instability (marked reactivity of mood) Suicidal (or self mutilating) behavior Unstable and intense relationships Impulsivity (in two potentially self damaging areas) Control of anger Borderline Personality Disorder Identity disturbance Dissociative (or paranoid) symptoms that are transient and stress related Emptiness (chronic feeling of) Histrionic Personality Disorder Provocative (or sexually seductive) behavior Relationships (considered more intimate than they are) Attention (uncomfortable when not the center of attention) Influenced easily Style of speech (impressionistic, lacks detail) Histrionic Personality Disorder Emotions (rapidly shifting and shallow) Made up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self) Emotions exaggerated (theatrical) Narcissistic Personality Disorder Special (believes he or she is special and unique) Preoccupied with fantasies (of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love) Envious (of others, or believes others are envious of him or her) Entitlement Excess admiration required Narcissistic Personality Disorder Conceited (grandiose sense of self importance) Interpersonal exploitation Arrogant (haughty) Lacks empathy 20. Summarize the features of avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Cluster C: People who often appear anxious or fearful Avoidant Personality Disorder Certainty (of being liked required before willing to get involved with others) Rejection (or criticism) preoccupies ones’ thoughts in social situation Intimate relationships (restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of being shamed) New interpersonal relationships (is inhibited in) Avoidant Personality Disorder Gets around occupational activity (involving significant interpersonal contact) Embarrassment (potential) prevents new activity or taking personal risks Self viewed (as unappealing, inept, or inferior) Dependent Personality Disorder Reassurance (required for decisions) Expressing disagreement difficult (due to fear of loss of support or approval) Life responsibilities (needs to have these assumed by others) Initiating projects difficult (due to lack of self confidence) Alone (feels helpless and discomfort when alone) Dependent Personality Disorder Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support) Companionship (another relationship) sought urgently when close relationships end Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Loses point of activity (due to preoccupation with detail) Ability to complete tasks (compromised by perfectionism) Worthless objects (unable to discard) Friendships (and leisure activities) excluded (due to a preoccupation with work) Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Inflexible, scrupulous, overconscientious (on ethics, values, or morality, not accounted for by religion or culture) Reluctant to delegate (unless others submit to exact guidelines) Miserly (toward self and others) Stubbornness (and rigidity) Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder ~AUT0049 Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified This category is for disorders of personality functioning (refer to the general diagnostic criteria for a Personality Disorder on p. 287) that do not meet criteria for any specific Personality Disorder. An example is the presence of features of more than one specific Personality Disorder that do not meet the full criteria for any one Personality Disorder (“mixed personality”), but that together cause clinically significant distress or impairment in one or more important areas of functioning (e.g., social or occupational). This category can also be used when the clinician judges that a specific Personality Disorder that is not included in the Classification is appropriate. Examples include depressive personality disorder and passive-aggressive personality disorder (see Appendix B in DSM-IV-TR for suggested research criteria. pe03513_