144-starting-to-see-the-dead-sea.jpg The goal of this lecture is to explain, within the context of classical-limit physics, i.e., approximately only, “the impact of repetitive succussive dilutions on aqueous solutions” to people with specializations in widely differing fields. Accordingly, scientific concepts are presented schematically only. This is a timer-box. Foreword The general viewer may not immediately understand an issue. Don’t worry ! After an issue has been presented schematically, it will be further explained. A version of this lecture with slower English script can be requested from the author. Note: Succussive dilutions induce dissipative self-organization processes in aqueous solutions. Accurate descriptions of these processes require a quantum physical approach. Quantum physical explanations of structure and dynamics in succussed aqueous solutions is presented in a different video titled: “ Very low molarity repetitive succussive diluted liquids.” Dead_Sea_by_David_Shankbone.jpg II. Overview of past obstacles to understanding impact of repetitive succussive dilutions on liquids IV. Explanation of impact of repetitive succussive dilutions on water, its solutions and other liquids V. Explanation of observed phenomena : Presentation of the issues III. QED model of liquids VI. Summary and Conclusions This is a timer box I. Introduction I. Introduction OUTLINE OF LECTURE dead-sea600.jpg Repetitive succussive dilutions of water or alcohol and their solutions are employed to prepare homeopathic remedies. Experimental findings concerning the impact of repetitive succussive dilution processes on physical and chemical properties of liquids are summarized. Only results published in peer-reviewed scientific journals are presented. (The white super-script numbers, which appear in the slides, refer to the publications. The reference list is presented at the end of this video.) The impact of repetitive succussed diluted liquids on biological processes is not explicitly discussed. Such a discussion requires extensive additional research. A model, which qualitatively explains the observed properties, is presented. Quantitative verification of the model will only be feasible after completion of the required computer simulations. Homeopathic remedies are also prepared by techniques, which instead of succussions, force the liquid to flow very fast through a pipe. In the peer-reviewed scientific literature, to the best of my knowledge, there is no report of studies investigating the impact of these techniques on the properties of liquids. However, at the end of this lecture, it will be shown that the here proposed model also indicates that these techniques affect liquids. In this lecture: This is a timer box Introduction REPETITIVE SUCCUSSIVE DILUTIONS PROCEDURE Dilution and subsequent succussions deadsea-rainbow-t.jpg The next slide summarizes experimental evidence demonstrating that repetitive succussive dilutions affect the physical properties of water and its solutions. Appreciating all details of the experimental evidence, presented in the next slide, is not necessary for understanding the remainder of this lecture. This is a timerbox Prof. J. Benveniste et al. observed that it affects in vitro white blood cell degranulation. Prof. P.C. Endler et al. observed that it affects the climbing of deadsea-rainbow-t.jpg The next slide details a central experimental finding concerning the impact of repetitive succussive dilutions on water and its References 1-7 L.Rey, Physica A323, 67 (2003). (2) J.L. Demangeat, C. Demangeat, P. C. Piérart, R.N. Muller, Appl.Magn.Reson.26, 465 (2004). S-Y. Lo, Mod.Phys.Lett. B10, 909 (1996) S-Y. Lo, A. Lo, L. Wen Chong, L. Tianzhang, L. Hui Hua, X. Geng, Mod.Phys.Lett. B10, 921 (1996). (6) (a) L. Montagnier, J Aïssa, S. Ferris, J-L.Montagnier, C. Lavallée, Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci. 1, 81 (2009); (b) L. Montagnier, J Aïssa, C. Lavallée, M. Mbamy, J. Varon and H. Chenal, Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci. 1, 245 (2009). (7) (a) V. Elia and M. Niccoli, Ann. N.Y.Acad.Sci., 879, 241(1999). (b) V. Elia and M. Niccoli, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 61, 527 (2000). (c) V. Elia and M. Niccoli, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 75, 815 (2004). (d) V. Elia, E. Napoli, M. Niccoli, L.Nonatelli, A. Ramaglia and E. Ventimiglia, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 78, 331 (2004). (e) V. Elia, M. Marchese, M. Montanino, E. Napoli, M. Niccoli, L. Nonatelli and A. Ramaglia, J. Solution Chem. 34, 947 (2005). (f) V. Elia and M. Niccoli, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 61, 527 (2000). (g) V. Elia and M. Niccoli, Ann. N.Y.Acad.Sci., 879, 241(1999). (h) V. Elia, L. Elia, M. Montanino, E. Napoli, M. Niccoli, L. Nonatelli and F. Savarese, J. Mol. 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Ben-Naim, “Molecular Theory of Water and Aqueous Solutions: Understanding Water”, (World Scientific Pub Co Inc., Singapore,2009). (38) C.A. Yinnon and T.A. Yinnon, Mod. Phys. Let. B 23, 1959 (2009). (39) T.A. Yinnon and C.A. Yinnon, Mod. Phys. Let. B 26, 1150006 (2012). (40) (a) A.C. Walshaw and D.A. Jobson, “Mechanics of Fluids”, (Longman Group Limited, London 1962); (b) H. Rouse, “Fluid Mechanics for Hydroulic Engineers (Dover, New York 1961); (c) B. Eck, “Technische Strömungslehre” (Berlin, 1941). (41) T.A. Yinnon and C.A. Yinnon, Int.J. Mod. Phys.B 25, 3707 (2011). (42) (a) M.A. Herman, W. Richter and H. Sitter, ”Epitaxy: physical principles and technical implementation” (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2004); (b) Z. Zhang and M.G. Lagally, “Morphological organization in epitaxial growth and removal” (World Scientific Publishing Co. PTe. Ltd. Singapore, 1998); (c) R. Roy, W.A. Tiller, I. Bell and M.R. Hoover, Material Research Innovations, 9, 577 (2005). D.R. Hankerson, G.A. Harris and P. D. Johnson, “Introduction to information theory and data compression”, (Chapman & Hall/CRC Press 2003). References 30-43 This is a timerbox. succussive dilutions on water, on its solutions or on other liquids. In particular, the observed succussive dilution induced clustering of water molecules into supra-molecular aggregates is an intriguing phenomenon. (Water has numerous other properties, which hitherto defied explanation by the frogs. Prof. V. Elia et al. observed that it affects the following titrations types: - pH-metric - conductometric - calorimetric. - UV transmission spectra - Fluorescence spectra. Prof. S. Gariboldi et al. observed that it affects asthma in mice. Titrations Prof. L. Rey observed that it affects thermoluminescence spectra, e.g., it causes suppression of the hydrogen-bond network. Prof. J.L. liquids may affect biological processes, e.g., physical and mental health. Accordingly, preparation and handling of such liquids requires special care !!! Prof. L. Montagnier observed that succussive diluted DNA solutions emit EM radiation. Diluted DNA solutions, which were not succussed, did not emit such radiation. SUCCUSSIVE DILUTION concentration > ~ 10 - 4 M no significant radiation. SUCCUSSIVE DILUTION concentration > ~ 10 - 4 M no significant SOLUTIONS affects many properties Spontaneous EM emission Other This is a timer box This implies buffering by succussion induced entity !!! - 4 Prof. S.Y. Lo et al. observed that it affects: 1-5 6 7-8 7-8 9-13 Biological activity 4,5,7,8,45 1-13 danger !!! EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS: Prof. V. Elia et al. observed that it increases electrical conductivity by 100 - 1000% !!! The letter “M” is a measure of the concentration of a solution. 10-4 M is a very low concentration. References 44-46 (44) T.A. Yinnon and V. Elia, Int.J. Mod. Phys. B 27 (2013). (45) S. Bhandary, R. Basu, S. Das and P. Nandy, Intl. J. Emerging Technologies in IMPACT OF REPETITIVE SUCCUSSIVE DILUTIONS clusters. by Prof. S-Y. Lo et al. & Prof. V. Elia et al. REPETITIVE SUCCUSSIVE DILUTIONS cause supra-molecular organization in water and its solutions. Customary theories model a liquid as an ensemble of small particles - molecules. What does supra-molecular organization mean? energetic characteristics of molecules depend on liquid type, e.g., water, alcohol or other. Molecules are very tiny! Typically, their size varies between 10-10 to 10-9 meter. This is a timer box 7,8 14 4,5 sea-1.jpg Acknowledgements Research inspired and facilitated by H.K.B.H. Research carried out in cooperation with: Prof. Vittorio Elia Dr. Elena Napoli Mr. Carmi A. Yinnon Constant indispensible support and encouragement by Prof. Amos M. Yinnon Indispensible conversations Dr. Suzanne S.D. Kleinberger Rabanit Gila F. Kadosh Important discussions and support: Mr. Paul Kleinberger Mrs. Ruth Shilo Slide-show based on publications: “Electric dipole aggregates in very dilute liquids”, T.A.Yinnon and C.A. Yinnon, International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, 3707 (2011). “Dynamics in perturbed very dilute aqueous solutions”, T.A. Yinnon and V. Elia, International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, 1350005 (2013). This is a timer box REPETITIVE SUCCUSSIVE DILUTIONS PROCEDURE Dilution and subsequent succussions are continued till required concentration (C - potency) is obtained. mix 99 gram vigorous succussions 1 gram dilution This is a timer box 1 gram mother solution (tincture) new bottle water or alcohol water or alcohol water or alcohol 99 gram mix 1 C mix mix vigorous succussions 2 C C - Centesimal dilution