Splash Screen 1 Chapter Menu Chapter IntroductionSection 1:Peasants, Trade, and CitiesSection 2:Medieval ChristianitySection 3:Culture of the High Middle AgesSection 4:The Late Middle AgesVisual Summary 2 Section 1-Main Idea The BIG IdeaOrder and Security New farming practices supported population growth, and the revival of trade led to a money-based economy and the rise of cities. 11 Section 1-Key Terms Content Vocabulary carruca manor serfs money economycommercial capitalismbourgeoisie patricians guilds apprentice journeymen masterpiece 12 Section 1-Key Terms Academic Vocabulary technologycrucial People and Places VeniceFlanders 13 Section 1-Polling Question AB Do you think that technology plays an important role in the growth of populations? A.YesB.No 14 Section 1 The New Agriculture New inventions for farming and more efficient use of land contributed to population growth in the High Middle Ages. 15 Section 1 The European population doubled in size between 1000 and 1300. The large population increase in Europe was due in part to a more peaceful environment and changes in technology.Food production was increased by using scythes, axes, and hoes. The New Agriculture (cont.) 16 Section 1 A new plow called the carruca led to the growth of farming villages. People had to work together to buy the iron needed to make the plow and share the team of animals needed to pull the plow. Europeans also started using three-field rotations, harnessing wind and water, and using animal power to save labor and produce more crops. The New Agriculture (cont.) 17 Section 1 ABCD Iron was used to make all of the following except:A.Carruca B.NailsC.AxesD.Boats 18 Section 1 The Manorial System Under the manorial system of the Middle Ages, serfs worked the lands of lords. 19 Section 1 The manor was an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by serfs. Serfs provided labor services, paid rents, and were subject to the control of the lord.The life of European peasants was very simple. They lived in wood framed cottages, generally consisting of one or two rooms. The Manorial System (cont.) 20 Section 1 The seasons of the year dictated peasant activities. Religious holidays provided peasants with time away from work and brought them into contact with the Church.Peasant women had to work in the field, raise children, and manage the household. The Manorial System (cont.) The Peasant’s Wheel of Life 21 Section 1 Grains were used for making bread, the daily food of peasants, and ale. Vegetables, cheeses, and sometimes meat supplemented the meals of peasants. Water was not easy to obtain, so wine was the drink of the upper classes and ale was the drink of the poor. The Manorial System (cont.) 22 Section 1 ABCD By 800, approximately what percentage of the western European population were serfs? A.20% B.40%C.60%D.80% 23 Section 1 The Revival of Trade The revival of trade during the High Middle Ages gave rise to a commercial revolution. 24 Section 1 Cities in strategic locations, such as Venice and Flanders, grew in size and wealth. Trade fairs were initiated by cities to encourage more trade. The Revival of Trade (cont.) 25 Section 1 As trade increased, demand for gold and silver coins increased. Eventually, a money economy replaced the barter system. New trading companies and banking firms led to the economic system of commercial capitalism. The Revival of Trade (cont.) 26 Section 1 ABCD What enabled Venice to become a major trading center?A.Development of a mercantile fleet B.Low taxesC.Use of silver coinsD.Influence of Muslim traders 27 Section 1 The Growth of Cities The revival of trade spurred the growth of cities, which became centers for manufacturing and trade. 28 Section 1 The revival of trade led to a revival of cities. Merchants and artisans moved into these newly revitalized cities and became known as bourgeoisie.The people in the cities and towns slowly gained their independence from local lords. The cities created their own governments, and patricians were elected legally or illegally. The Growth of Cities (cont.) Medieval Trade Routes 29 Section 1 Medieval towns were surrounded by stone walls and were cramped and dirty. Pollution and the threat of fire plagued the city inhabitants. People began to organize themselves into business associations. These guilds played a leading role in the economic life of cities. The Growth of Cities (cont.) 30 Section 1 A person who wanted to learn a trade went through a series of steps. People started as unpaid apprentices, earned wages as a journeyman, and could become a master by producing a masterpiece. The Growth of Cities (cont.) 31 Section 1 ABCD Which of the following best describes the cities of medieval Europe? A.Large houses B.Narrow streetsC.CleanD.Stone buildings 32 Section 1-End 33